{"id":25,"date":"2014-07-04T11:19:09","date_gmt":"2014-07-04T10:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/?p=25"},"modified":"2014-07-04T11:19:09","modified_gmt":"2014-07-04T10:19:09","slug":"pristup-k-nametu-co-s-cim-fotografovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/25\/pristup-k-nametu-co-s-cim-fotografovat\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edstup k n\u00e1m\u011btu: co s \u010d\u00edm fotografovat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Fenom\u00e9nu fotografie byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na \u0159ada odborn\u00fdch studi\u00ed a publikac\u00ed, obor se studuje na \u0159ad\u011b vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol. Nechci tedy do tohoto mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvat dal\u0161\u00ed kompilac\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fdch fakt\u016f. Sp\u00ed\u0161e pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou profesion\u00e1ly, ale jejich\u017e ambice u\u017e neuspokojuje z\u00e1plava sn\u00edmk\u016f dokumentuj\u00edc\u00edch eskap\u00e1dy potomk\u016f a nav\u0161t\u00edven\u00e9 dovolenkov\u00e9 destinace chci vytvo\u0159it pr\u016fvodce, kter\u00fd jim usnadn\u00ed orientaci. V\u00a0z\u00e1plav\u011b agresivn\u011b rostouc\u00ed nab\u00eddky, ale i v mo\u017enostech p\u0159\u00edstupu k fotografii jako tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edmu m\u00e9diu.<br \/>\nZam\u011b\u0159\u00edm se tedy na mo\u017enosti ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k n\u00e1m\u011btu \u2013 co\u017e pro p\u0159\u00edstrojovou techniku znamen\u00e1 orientace na v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e9 objektivy. Ty umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed m\u011bnit nejen \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku zorn\u00e9ho pole a tedy &#8222;odstup&#8220; \u010di &#8222;p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed&#8220; zobrazovan\u00e9ho objektu, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pracovat s hloubkou ostrosti. V podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rozsahu a s kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdstupem ne\u017e v setu s t\u011blem dodan\u00e9 levn\u00e9 sklo. Pr\u00e1ce s hloubkou ostrosti je toti\u017e jedn\u00edm se z\u00e1kladn\u00edch tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edch prvk\u016f fotografie. Neostrost pozad\u00ed (bokeh) umo\u017e\u0148uje koncentraci na objekt (portr\u00e9t, figuru) a rychle nar\u016fst\u00e1 se sv\u011btelnost\u00ed nezaclon\u011bn\u00e9ho objektivu. Rostou v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na jeho kvalitu a schopnost kreslit ost\u0159e i <a href=\"http:\/\/www.skyfly.cz\/pristroj\/slovnik\/plnadira.htm\" target=\"_blank\">&#8222;na plnou d\u00edru&#8220;<\/a>. Jak\u00fd objektiv tedy pot\u0159ebujeme?<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Konstrukce objektiv\u016f (mimo sou\u010dasnou m\u00e1ni\u00ed o univerz\u00e1lnost se sna\u017e\u00edc\u00edch zoom\u016f, jejich\u017e prakti\u010dnost nechci zpochyb\u0148ovat, ale ani je hodnotit) se \u010dasem vykrystalizovala do dvou z\u00e1sadn\u00edch oblast\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 krajin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, sp\u00ed\u0161e \u0161iroko\u00fahl\u00e9 objektivy s velk\u00fdm zorn\u00fdm \u00fahlem, vysok\u00fdmi n\u00e1roky na rozli\u0161ovac\u00ed schopnost v cel\u00e9 plo\u0161e obrazu u\u017e p\u0159i pln\u00e9m otvoru, s malou sv\u011btelnost\u00ed a kr\u00e1tkou stavebn\u00ed d\u00e9lkou<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 portr\u00e9tn\u00ed objektivy s vysokou sv\u011btelnost\u00ed, mal\u00fdm zorn\u00fdm \u00fahlem a del\u0161\u00edm ohniskem, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed komponovat rozd\u00edl mezi ostrost\u00ed a neostrost\u00ed, charakteristick\u00fd pro v\u00fdtvarnou fotografii. St\u00e1le z\u0159eteln\u011bji pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto prvky rozli\u0161uj\u00ed tu &#8222;profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed&#8220; oblast od nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 amat\u00e9rsk\u00e9 produkce. Ta je b\u011b\u017en\u011b charakterizov\u00e1na sp\u00ed\u0161e \u0161iroko\u00fahl\u00fdm charakterem z\u00e1b\u011bru typu &#8222;v\u0161echno je ostr\u00e9&#8220;. <a href=\"http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hloubka_ostrosti\" target=\"_blank\">Hloubka ostrosti<\/a> prudce nar\u016fst\u00e1 se zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm ohniskov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, tak\u017ee mal\u00e9 kompaktn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje to s ostrost\u00ed maj\u00ed podstatn\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje se sv\u00fdmi mal\u00fdmi \u010dipy a tedy i hled\u00e1\u010dky si p\u0159\u00edmo vynutily automatick\u00e9 zaost\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a nutno p\u0159iznat, \u017ee zejm\u00e9na u modern\u00edch DSLR zrcadlovek s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fotoroman.cz\/glossary2\/4_phase_detect.htm\" target=\"_blank\">f\u00e1zovou detekc\u00ed<\/a> je tento zp\u016fsob ost\u0159en\u00ed dokonal\u00fd. Pochopiteln\u011b s origin\u00e1ln\u00edmi a drah\u00fdmi objektivy. Aby bylo v hled\u00e1\u010dku zrcadlovky n\u011bco vid\u011bt, pot\u0159ebujete vysoce sv\u011bteln\u00fd objektiv, kter\u00fd je v okam\u017eiku expozice mechanicky zaclon\u011bn na p\u0159edvolenou hodnotu.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_26\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/25\/pristup-k-nametu-co-s-cim-fotografovat\/superangulon\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/SuperAngulon-350x229.png\" alt=\"Dvojit\u00fd anastigmat\" width=\"350\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/SuperAngulon-350x229.png 350w, https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/SuperAngulon-120x78.png 120w, https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/SuperAngulon.png 661w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-26\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0160iroko\u00fahl\u00fd dvojit\u00fd anastigmat Super Angulon (stejn\u011b jako obdobn\u00fd Grandagon) vykreslil zorn\u00e9 pole cca 100 stup\u0148\u016f s vysokou brilanc\u00ed a ostrost\u00ed. I poloviny objektiv\u016f tohoto typu mohou b\u00fdt se zhruba dvojn\u00e1sobnou ohniskovou vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed pou\u017eity samostatn\u011b &#8211; pochopiteln\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch velkoform\u00e1tov\u00fdch kamer\u00e1ch<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Nechci zneva\u017eovat v\u00fdhody dokonal\u00fdch a rychl\u00fdch autofokus\u016f \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch DSLR, ne v\u0161ichni se v\u0161ak v\u011bnuj\u00ed report\u00e1\u017e\u00edm z fotbalov\u00fdch utk\u00e1n\u00ed nebo atletick\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f. T\u0159eba u fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny, z\u00e1ti\u0161\u00ed, \u010di inscenovan\u00fdch kompozic je manu\u00e1ln\u00ed zaost\u0159en\u00ed mnohdy v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvat manu\u00e1ln\u00ed ost\u0159en\u00ed s autofokusov\u00fdmi objektivy je ov\u0161em mo\u017enost\u00ed funguj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou jen teoreticky. Ne\u017e sta\u010d\u00edte exponovat, objektiv u\u017e ost\u0159\u00ed na n\u011bco zcela jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e jste nastavili. Velk\u00e1 v\u016fle autofokusov\u00fdch objektiv\u016f, vy\u017eadovan\u00e1 pro rychl\u00fd chod zaost\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed elektromotorkem, prakticky likviduje mo\u017enost manu\u00e1ln\u00ed nastaven\u00ed udr\u017eet. Pokud p\u0159\u00edstroj naklon\u00edte, objektiv se vlastn\u00ed vahou vysune. V\u0161e komplikuje i m\u00f3dn\u00ed trend \u0159ady v\u00fdrobc\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvat i pro manu\u00e1ln\u00ed zaost\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di zm\u011bnu ohniska motorick\u00fd pohon. Tak\u017ee kdy\u017e u\u017e autofokus m\u00e1te, mus\u00edte ho pou\u017e\u00edvat. Zde se definuje kvalitativn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi profesion\u00e1ln\u00edmi zrcadlovkami s rychl\u00fdm a kvalitn\u00edm ost\u0159en\u00edm <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fotoroman.cz\/glossary2\/4_phase_detect.htm\" target=\"_blank\">f\u00e1zovou detekc\u00ed<\/a> \u0159adou bod\u016f a levn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstroji, u nich\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee neuzam\u010den\u00fd autofokus rozhodnout m\u00edsto sledovan\u00e9ho dostihov\u00e9ho kon\u011b p\u0159eost\u0159it na ps\u00edka, tr\u00e9novan\u00e9ho v\u00a0aportov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fenom\u00e9nu fotografie byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na \u0159ada odborn\u00fdch studi\u00ed a publikac\u00ed, obor se studuje na \u0159ad\u011b vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol. Nechci tedy do tohoto mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvat dal\u0161\u00ed kompilac\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fdch fakt\u016f. Sp\u00ed\u0161e pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou profesion\u00e1ly, ale jejich\u017e ambice u\u017e neuspokojuje z\u00e1plava sn\u00edmk\u016f dokumentuj\u00edc\u00edch&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enface.cz\/7x10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}